大外期末复习资料(词汇+翻译)
注:根据《标准大学英语》课本及词汇表整理
《2》单词
U1
haze n.[C,U]霾;烟雾
marijuana n.[U]大麻
stimulating adj.饶有兴味的
stimulate v. stimulation n.
economy n.[C](被视为某个经济实体的)国家
campus n.[C,U](大学的)校园
demonstration n.[C]示威;示威活动
demonstrate vi. demonstrative adj.
radicalism n,[U]激进主义
governor n.[C](美国)州长
govern n.统治者
government n.政府
dissident adj.持不同政见的;n.持不同政见者
liberal n.[C]思想开明的人;自由主义者
liberate v.自由
liberalism n.自由主义
clash n.[C]激烈争吵;冲突
clash between 激烈争吵;冲突
establishment n.(国家的)统治集团,当权派;[U]建立,创立,设立
the establishment (国家的)统治集团,当权派
passionate adj.感情强烈的;激昂的
passion n.激情 with passion adv.
protest n.[C,U]/v.(强烈的)抗议;异议
protest at/against
alliance n.[C,U]结盟;联盟;同盟
alliance between/with
launch vt.发动,发起,开始(军事袭击、公众调查、新事业或新项目等);投放市场;发行;发射
novel n.小说;adj.新颖的
resignation n.[C,U]辞职
activism n.[U]激进主义;行动主义
activist n.激进分子;活动家
characterize vt.成为……的特征
characteristic n.特点
indie adj.(电影和音乐)独立公司制作的
liberating adj.令人觉得自由的;令人觉得不受约束的
liberating adj. liberate v. liberation n.
creative adj.创造的;创造性的
create v. creation n. creativity n.创造力
creator n.创造者
awakening n.[C]觉醒;认识;意识
awaken v. a rude/sudden awakening 猛然醒悟
prime adj.首要的;最重要的
Prime Minister 首相 prime concern头等大事
investigation n.调查
cynic n.[C]愤世嫉俗者;认为人皆自私者
cynical adj.愤世嫉俗的
apathetic adj.毫无兴趣的;漠然的;无动于衷的
be apathetic about/to 对……无动于衷;对……冷漠
indifferent adj.漠不关心的,漠然的,不感兴趣,一般的 n.(对政治、宗教等)冷淡的人
heady adj.诗人忘乎所以的;令人陶醉的
be heady with 为…..而忘乎所以
factor n.[C]因素;要素
descending adj.递降的,下降的
descendant n.后代,传人 descend v.下降
in ascending order 按照升序排列的 in descending order 降序排列的;递降的
employment n.[U]就业,在职;职业,工作
employ v.雇用 employer n.雇主 employee n.雇员
full employment 全面就业
prospect n.(prospects)胜算,(尤指工作和事业方面)成功的可能性;[C,U](尤指好事发生的)可能性;vi.勘探(金矿、石油等);寻找(商业机会)
employment prospect 就业前景 no prospects 前途渺茫
be prospecting for 在寻找……
affordability n.[U]平价;支付得起;可购性;支付能力
afford v.支付 affordable adj.付得起的
issue n.[C](值得关注的)问题;vt.颁布, 发给,分发
accessibility n.[U]可获得性
accessible adj.可进入的,可利用的 access v.进入;准许;获得 accessible to all 人人都能拿、用
opportunity n.[C,U]机会
umbilically adv.关系极为密切地
umbilical adj.
obscure adj.晦涩的,费解的;不知晓的,无名的,默默无闻的
bliss n.[U]无上幸福的;至福;极乐
U2
old-fashioned adj.过时的,老式的
反:fashionable
bulky adj.粗壮的;肥胖的;笨重的
vigor vigorous 精力
mourning n.[U](因某人去世的)哀痛,悲痛,哀悼
mourn v.
hoist vt.提起;举起
shapeless adj.无定形的;没形的
shape 形状;体型
bundle n.[C](尤指为携带方便而扎成的)捆,束,包
a bundle of notes 一捆钞票
puff v.(尤指跑步、攀登之后)气喘吁吁,喘气
a puff of 一阵(气味、烟雾等)
moan v.呻吟;呜咽
to complain about sth in an annoying way 抱怨;发牢骚
spoil 搞砸
uneasy adj.(人)紧张的,担心的,忧虑的
反:easy
arouse vt.引起;激起;唤起
arouse the interest of … 引起……的兴趣
arise v.发生;产生;出现
venture vt.敢说;大胆表示;冒险
excessive adj.过度的;过分的
excessively adv.
parental adj.父亲的;母亲的;家长的
Parent n.
amongst=among prep.(用于提及一群人或物中的某 人或某物)在……之中;在……之间
console vt.安慰
consolation n.
distress n.[U]苦恼;悲伤;忧虑
bloodshot adj.(眼睛)充血的;布满血丝的
pant vi.(跑步或锻炼后)大口喘气,喘粗气
bulging adj.鼓起的;凸出的
bulge v.
spurt v.喷出;迸出;涌出
inner adj.(只用于n.前)内心的;个人的隐秘的
uncontrolled adj.不受控制的;不加克制的(尤指对此情形不赞成)
control v. uncontrollable adj.绝望的
vitality n.[U]精力;干劲;热情
vital adj.有精力的;有热情的 vigorously adv.活力
weaken v.(使)变虚弱;(使)变衰弱
weak adj.
retort vt.反驳;回嘴
fawn adj.鹿毛色;浅黄褐色
livid adj.黑紫色的;乌青色的
watery adj.含水的;充满水的
motionless adj.静止的;一动不动的
motion n.
shrill adj.(噪音或嗓音)尖锐的,刺耳的
sob n.[C]/v.啜泣;呜咽;抽噎
probable adj.很可能的;很可能发生的;很可能真实的
probability n.可能性
stun vt.使震惊;使大吃一惊;使惊得目瞪口呆
contract vi.(肌肉)紧缩,歪曲,曲解;n.合同,契约
distort vt.使变形,使扭曲,使畸形,使失真;变形,失真
snatch vt.抢;攫取;夺走
haste n.[U]匆忙;仓促
in haste 匆忙地;急忙地;草率地
harrowing adj.令人痛苦的;折磨人的;可怕的
uncontrollable adj.控制不住的;不可阻止的
U4
impressively adv.令人钦佩地;令人印象深刻地
impressiveness n.[U]令人难忘;令人注目
impress v. impressive adj. impression n.
habitual adj.习惯性的
habit n.
chilly adj.寒冷的;冷的难受的
chill n.寒冷
gust n.[C]一阵强风;一阵狂风
gusty adj.
twirl v.(使)转动;(使)旋转
intricate adj.复杂精细的;盘根错节的
artful adj.巧妙的;有技巧的
art n. artfully adv.
watchful adj.警惕的;警觉的
adown(down) prep.向下,往下
pacific adj.温和的;平静的
thoroughfare n.[C]主干道;大街;大道
stalwart adj.(人)强健的;强壮的
swagger n.昂首阔步;狂妄自大;趾高气昂
guardian n.[C]看守者;保护者
vicinity n.邻近地区;附近
midway adj./adv.在中间(的)
doorway n.[C]门;门道
darkened adj.(房间或建筑物因里面没有灯光而)黑暗的
correspond-corresponding-correspondingly-corresponder
hardware n.[U](家用或园艺用的)金属器具,五金制具
unlighted adj.(蜡烛、火柴等)未点燃的
reassuring adj.令人安心的;安慰的
reassuringly adv.令人安心地;安慰地
scar n.[C]伤疤;伤痕;疤痕
eyebrow n.[C]眉毛
scarfpin n.[C]领带夹针;围巾针
chum n.[C]好友
chap n.[C](尤指说话者喜欢的)男人,家伙
destiny n.[C]命运
proposition n.(需要对付的)事情,人
hustle v.赶紧行动
staunch adj.忠实的;坚决的;坚定不移的
plodder n.[C]缺乏创造力的苦干者
wits n.[pl]机智
razor n.[C]剃须刀;刮胡刀
drizzle n.[U]小雨,毛毛雨
astir adj,激动的;轰动的;骚动的
dismally adv.令人忧虑地;使人沮丧地;凄凉地
absurdity n.[C,U]荒唐,荒谬
absurd-absurdly-absurdness
doubtfully adv.怀疑地,疑惑地
bless vt.求上帝保佑;祈神赐福于
exclaim v.(尤因吃惊、印象深刻或疼痛而)呼喊,感叹,惊叫
buddy n.[C]朋友
moderately adv.一定程度上;适度地
egotism n.[U]自我中心;自私自利;自负;自大
submerge vt.湮没,湮灭,使完全消失
glare n.[U]耀眼的强光;刺眼的强光
simultaneously adv.同时地;同时发生地
gaze vi.(长时间地)盯视,凝视
pug n.[C]哈巴狗
sensible adj.合理的,明智的;切合实际的
patrolman n.[C]巡警
U6
lottery n.[C]抽彩给奖(筹款法)
unlucky adj.(尤指偶然发生的情形)不幸的,倒霉的,运气不好的;不吉利的
lucky adj. 近:unfortunate
mishap n.[C,U]小错误;小事故
mathematical adj.数学的
mathematics n.数学 mathematician n.数学家
coincidence n.[C,U]巧合;(想法或意见的)一致,相符
notion n.[C]概念;感知
notional adj.概念的
scrutiny n.[U]仔细检查
scrutinize v.仔细检查;认真查看;详审
marginally adv.少量地
marginal adj.边缘的;少量的 margin n.边缘
sack vt./n.解雇;开除 =in fire
spectrum n.系列;范围;幅度
misfortune n.厄运;不幸
fortune n. fortunate adj.
neutral adj.(言辞或行为)不带强烈感情色彩的;观点不明显的;中性的
neutrality n.
duration n.[C,U]持续期间
durable adj.
memorable adj.值得纪念的;容易记住的;难忘的
memory n. memorize v.
memorability n.[U]值得记忆;忘不了;易记得
insurer n.[C]承保人;保险公司
Insure v.投保
reminder n.[C]提醒记忆之物;(提醒人记住某事的)提示信件,提示便条
remind v.
bump v.(使)撞击;(使)猛击
leap vi.突然而迅速地移动
subsequent adj.随后的;继……之后的
subsequence n.
timescale n.[C](某事发生或完成的)时间段,时标
extend vi.(距离或某一方向上)延伸,延续
extension n.
prophecy n.[C](具有宗教力量或魔力的人的)预言;[U]预知未来的能力
prophet n.预言者,先知
disprove vt.证明…..不正确;证明…..虚假;反驳
prove vt.证明…..正确的/真的
tempting adj.诱人的;吸引人的
tempt v,尝试 temptation n.尝试
squeeze 挤过去 stretch 伸展运动 press 按;压
cluster v.群聚;聚集;串;束;群,组; 簇
probability n.[C,U]概率;几率;可能性
probable adj, probably adv.
redundant adj.被解雇的,被裁员的;多于的,不必要的(=unnecessary)
vulnerable adj.(身体或精神 )脆弱的,易受伤的;易遭毁坏的,易损坏的,脆弱的
vulnerability n.
responsive adj.反应快的;灵敏的;敏感的
respond v. response n.
vase n.[C]花瓶
encounter vt.遇到,遭遇(尤指问题)
be confronted with 遭遇
atlas n.[C]地图册
route n.[C](公共汽车、火车、船或飞机所经过的)路线,航线;办法,途径,渠道
chore n.[C](烦人的)杂务,麻烦事
flick vt.(尤指用手快速的)弹,拂,掠,投,掷,扔;vi.拂过,掠过
ordnance n.[U]军械;军用器材;军需品(尤指武器、导弹和炸药)
situate vt.使(尤指建筑物)位于
situation n.位置;情况 同: locate v. location n.
insignificant adj.不重要;无意义;无足轻重
insignificance n. 反:significant significance
awkwardly adv.别扭地,拘谨地,尴尬地;笨拙地,不雅观地
awkward adj. Awkwardness n.
curse vt.咒骂;辱骂;vi,咒骂,诅咒
incidentally adv.附带地,伴随地,顺便提一句;偶然地,不经意地
incident adj.
overlap [C,U]互搭,复叠,部分的相同;(与…)互搭,(与…)复叠
overlapped 过去式
adjacent adj.毗连的;邻近的
adjacency n.
duplicate vt./n.重复;复制,复印;复制品
反:original 原创的,原件
selective adj.有选择的;善于挑选的,细心挑选的,讲究的
selection n. select v.
frequency n.[U](某事发生的)频率
frequent adj.
verifiable adj.可核实的;可证实的
consecutive adj.连续的
disadvantage n.[C,U]不利;损害
advantage n.有利
considerably adv.相当地
considerable adj.相当大的,相当多的 considerate adj.考虑周到的;体贴的
exertion n.[C,U]费力;努力;尽力
exert v.运用(权力);施加影响力
deprivation n.[C,U]剥夺;丧失
deprive v.剥夺 a great deprivation 极大的损失
补:transfusion 输血 infection 感染 enterprise
事业 steering 方向盘 trial run 试运行 tackled
/dealt with 处理 be charge with be accuse of
archaeology 考古学 inability 能力 tyrant 暴君
citizenship 公民权
U7
inhibited adj.拘谨的;羞怯的
spinal adj.脊椎的;脊柱的
column n.[C]柱;支柱
murmur v.咕哝,小声说;n.低语
agitated adj.焦虑的;焦躁不安的
renown n.[U]名望;声誉
assent n.[U]同意;赞成;赞同
jolt vt.使震惊;使惊醒
jolt sb. out of sth. 使摆脱;使走出
reverie n.[C,U]幻想;白日梦
humanity n.[U]人类;仁慈,人道
heinous adj.(行为或罪行)令人发指的,十恶
不赦的
cautiously adv.小心地;谨慎地
caution n.
cataclysm n.[C]大灾难;大变动;大变革
erect vt.竖立(塑像等);建造(桥梁等)
be erect in 建造
demolish vt.(有意)拆毁(建筑物)
lens n.[C]透镜;镜片
formaldehyde n.[U]甲醛
ether n.[U]醚;乙醚
stretcher n.[C]担架
wheelchair n.[C]轮椅
corridor n.[C]走廊;通道
shiver n.[C]颤抖,打颤;v.颤抖,打颤,哆
嗦
locate vt.把…..设置在;使坐落于
location n.
pajamas n.(一套)睡衣裤
suicide n.[C,U]自杀
visible adj.看得见的;可见的
earthly adj.尘世的,世间的;根本的,绝对的
(用于加强否定或疑问语气)
补:lameness 跛脚 mentally adv.心理地 momentarily
一时地 proposal 提案 pamphlet 小册子 maturity 成熟 against 反对 extend 延展,延长 be capable of
……的能力 in(…) praise of + n. (…..的)称赞了…… spare vt.使免受(损害,伤害,毁坏等) fate
命运
《3》单词
U1
preceding adj.先前的;前面的
semester n.[C]学期(美国等一些国家中的半个
学年,长约18周)
impromptu adj.即兴的;无准备的
boating n.[U](以娱乐为目的的)划船
attendance n.[U]出席,参加;[C,U]出席人数
steeply adv.(上升或下降)急剧地,大起大落
落
humiliation n.[U]耻辱,丢脸;[C]耻辱之事,丢脸
的事
diligence n.[U]勤奋,用功
diligent adj.
flyer n.[C](学业或事业上)极有成就的人;
会飞的鸟(或昆虫、兽类);传单,小广
告(贴上去的);飞行员
script n.[C](戏剧、电影、电视节目、演讲等
的)剧本,手稿
provisional adj.临时的;暂时性的;暂定的
acceptance n.[U]赞同,同意;接受,认可
accept v,接受
ambitious adj.有野心的,有抱负的;(计划、目标或
企图)要求高的,需付出极大努力的
ambition n.
activist n.[C]积极分子,活动家(尤指属于某组织
的成员)
eco-activist/ecology-activist 环保人士
congress n.美国国会(由众议院和参议院组
成);[C](政党的)大会
mortgage n.[C]抵押;抵押借款;按揭
promotion n.[C,U]提升,晋升;鼓励,提倡
inevitably adv.必然地;不可避免地
criticize v.批评,批判,指责;vt.评价,评论
brace v.(使)做好准备;支住,撑牢
resistance n.[U](对新计划、新概念等的)抵制,
反对;(尤指对疾病或药物的)抵抗力
moor v.(使)停泊
estuary n.[C]河口;江口
coastline n.[C](尤指从海上或空中看到的)海岸线
surf n.[U]拍岸浪花;vi.冲浪;v.(在因特网
上或电视上)冲浪
coastal adj.海岸的,沿海的
rusty adj.(生)锈的
mesh n.[C,U](用铁丝、绳等制成的)网状物,网
haul vt.(用力)拖,拉,运送
deck n.[C]甲板
brim vi.充溢;充满
clamp vt.夹住,固定;n.[C]夹具,钳
defy vt.(公然)违抗,反抗,不服从
captive n.[C]俘虏;adj.被俘虏的,被监禁的
productive adj.富有成效的;富饶的,多产的
productivity n. production n. product adj.
U3
capacity n.[C,U]能力;容量,容积,容纳力
sake n.[C]目的;利益,好处
terminology n.[U]术语;专门用语
sensuous adj.感官方面的;影响感观的
expressive adj.(尤指行为)富于表现力的,明
确表露(想法或情感)的;表现…..
的,表达……的
express v. expression n.
sheerly adv.纯粹的;全然的;绝对的
mechanically adv.机械操作地;机械地
hypothetical adj.(基于)假设的,假定的
hypothetically adv. hypothesis n.
absent-mindedly adv.健忘地;心不在焉地
brainless adj.不必动脑筋的;不用花费脑力的
近:stupid foolish 无头脑的;愚笨的
engender vt,造成;导致
近:create ; cause ; lead to ; generate ; give rise to ; arouse ; bring about
qualify v.有资格;(经过一段时间的训练或学
习后)取得资格
qualified adj.(因具有所需的知识、技巧或经
验而)有资格的,有能力的
qualification n.资格;能力
反:disqualify v.没有资格
consolation n.[C,U]安慰;慰藉
console v.
apropos prep.(用于提及相关话题)与……
相关,就……而言
potent adj.强大的;有力的;有效的
usurp vt.篡夺;侵占
disproportionate adj.不相称的;不协调的;不成比例的
constitute v.被视为;组成,构成,形成=consist of constitution n.
composer n.[C](尤指古典音乐)作曲家
compose v.作曲
proclaim vt.公开声明,宣布;正式宣布
purely adv.纯粹地;完全地
intransigent adj.固执己见的;顽固的
precisely adv.确切地,明确地;清楚地,清晰地
fugue n.[C]赋格曲
temper n.情绪,心情;vt.使……缓和,使….
温和,冲淡
tempered adj.
clavichord n.[C](尤指18世纪的)古钢琴
sadness n.[U]悲伤;伤心;难过
pessimistically adv.悲观地
pessimistic adj. 反:optimistically
resignedly adv.顺从地;屈从地
resigned adj. Resign v. resignation n.
fatefully adv.宿命地;决定性地;(通常为)灾难
性地
smilingly adv.微笑地;含笑地
work of art n.[C]艺术作品
pleasurable adj.令人高兴的;令人满意的
pleasure
manipulation n.[C,U]影响;操控;控制;操纵
sufficiently adv.足够地;充足地
conscious adj.意识到的;注意到的
awareness n.[U]认识;了解;意识
melody n.[C](尤指简单的)曲调,歌曲
rhythm n.[C,U]节律,节奏;规则变化,节奏
clarity n.[U]清晰;明晰
correlate v.(使)关联;(使)相关
correlation n.[C,U]相互关系;联系;相关
instinctive adj.直觉的;本能的;天性的
instinctively adv.直觉地;本能地;天性地
instinct n.直觉;天性
analogy n.[C,U]比拟;比喻;类比
analogous adj.类似的;可比的
costume n.[C,U]演出服;戏装
theatrical adj.戏剧的,戏剧艺术的;(行为举止)冲
动的,戏剧性的,夸张的
theatergoer n.经常看戏的人
derive v.(从某物中)取得,得到
gaiety n.[U]欢乐;愉快
equivalent adj.相等的;等值的;同义的
playwright n.[C](尤指职业的)剧作家,编写剧本的
人
separately adv,分开地;不连接地;单独地
U4
recall v.回忆;回想起
manor n.[C](大宅院的)大宅第
lodge n.[C](大宅院的)下房,侧房;vt.
正式提出(投诉、要求等)
groundsman n.[C]运动场管理员;公园管理员
clearing n.[C](森林里的)空旷地带
orchard n.[C]果园
workman n.[C]工人;工匠;(尤指)建筑工;修
理工
quarry n.[C]采石场
identical adj.完全相同的;一模一样的
gleam vi.闪光;闪烁
teem vi.充满;挤满
windfall n.[C]被风吹落的果实;被风吹落的苹
果
forlorn adj.孤苦伶仃的;凄凉的
daffodil n.[C]水仙(花);黄水仙
tulip n.[C]郁金香
chrysanthemum n.[C]菊;菊花
riot n.[C]五彩缤纷,五光十色;[C,U]暴乱,
骚乱
blossom n.[C,U](一颗树上的)花,全部花朵
tinge v.着淡色于……,使带有一点(某种
颜色、情绪、特质);n.[C](颜色、感
觉或特性的)些许,些微,一点儿
gurgle vi.发咯咯声
topmost adj.最高的;最上面的
bough n.[C]大树枝,粗树枝
woodland n.[U]林地;林区
spire n.[C](教堂或其他建筑物的)尖顶
peal v.(使)(钟)鸣响;(使)发出巨大的声
响
telegram n.[C]电报
faint vi.昏厥,晕倒;adj.(景象、声音、气
味等)微弱的,不清晰的
porch n.[C]门廊
clasp vt.拥抱;抱紧,握紧
embrace n.[C]拥抱;v.拥抱
vanish vi.奇怪地突然不见;神秘地瞬间消失
briefcase n.[C]公文包
terraced adj.(田地)阶梯形的
terraced house n.[C]排屋中的一所房子;联立房屋
semi- prefix(与某些形容词和名词连用)表示
“部分地”;(与某些名词连用)表示“半”
detach v.拆下;分开;拆开;卸下
semi-detached adj.(房屋)半独立式的
coarse adj.粗的;粗糙的
congested adj.(因车辆、人群多而)拥挤的
spick and span adj.极整洁的;极干净的
furnish vt.(房间或房屋)配备家具;供应,提
供(所需的东西,尤指信息)
install vt.安装;设置
bathtub n.[C]鱼缸;澡盆
lavatory n.[C] 盥(guan)洗室;厕所
indoors adv.在室内;在屋里;往室内
appliance n.[C]家用电器
cooker n.[C]厨灶;炉具
delivery n.[C,U]送货;投递
milkman n.[C]送牛奶的人
rag-and-bone man n.[C]旧货商
cart n.[C](马拉的)大车;马车
whir vi.嗡嗡地响;呼呼地响
clank v.使发出叮当声
crossroads n.[C]交叉路口;十字路口
howl v.(狗等)嗥叫,长嚎;(因疼痛、愤怒
或悲伤)嚎哭,怒吼,哀嚎
resent vt.愤恨;憎恨
assemble vt.组合,装配;集合,召集,调集
floorboard n.[C]长条形木地板
creak vi.(尤指木制品)嘎吱作响
ghost n.[C]鬼;鬼魂
scuff mark n.[C]磨痕;擦痕
carve v.雕刻
banister n.[C](楼梯的)扶手,栏杆
hush n.(突然的)寂静,安静;vi.(用于告
诉别人保持安静)嘘
decay v.(使)腐烂,(使)腐败;n.[U]腐烂,
腐败
hinge n.[C](门或箱子上的)铰链,合页
stonework n.[U](建筑的)石造部分
dirt n.[U]污物;灰尘;尘垢
mould n.[U]霉;霉菌
frankly adv.坦率地说,说老实话;公开地,坦
率地,直言不讳地
gang n.[C]一组,一群(体力劳动者)
device n.[C]器械,设备,装置;手段,方法
screech vi.发出尖锐刺耳声;v.(尤指烦躁时)
尖声叫喊
crane n.[C]起重机;吊车
《2》词组
U1
a means to an end 达到……目的的方法
bring sb/sth to their knees 使(组织、活动等)难以继续;
使某人屈服;拖垮某人
give rise to sth 引起(或导致)某事(尤指令人不快或出人意料的事)
stay the course 坚持到底
form an alliance with 与…..结盟
bring about 使发生;导致;引起;造成(尤指变化)
lead to 导致
in spite of 不顾;不管;尽管
in spite of the fact … 尽管事实是……
keep off (使)不碰;(使)不靠近
drop out 退出活动;退学;退出比赛
in descending order 递降地
in/of itself 本质上;本身;就其本身而言
rely on (为生存、运作等)依靠,依赖
set up 开办;设立;创办;建立
U2
take away 拿走;带走
see off 为……送行
put an end to sth. 使某事结束
rise up 升起;上升
in haste 急忙地;草率地
U4
for show 为了做样子;为了作秀
well nigh 几乎
lose track of 失去……的线索
turn up (遗失或搜寻后)突然露面或出现
pull out 拿出;拔出
in a/the groove 墨守成规;一成不变
come around 拜访(某人的家)
U6
alive and kicking 还存在的,不被忘却的;尚健
在的,活蹦乱跳的
be bound to 一定的;几乎肯定的
crop up (突然)发生;显现
U7
sink in 充分理解;完全明白
in praise of 表扬;赞美;赞扬
back away (因害怕等而)后退;逐渐退出
live through 经历过,度过(危险或令人不
快的处境)
get rid of 摆脱;除去;去掉
consist of 由……组成
fall out (头发或牙齿)脱落
on the part of sb. 由某人作出的
in advance 事先;预先
《3》词组
U1
at/in the back of one’s mind 在脑海深处;在内心深处
get one’s head down
map out 详细计划
end up 最终达到;最终到达
be looking to do sth. 计划做某事
settle down 定居;(通过结婚而)安顿下
来
haul up 把……拖上来
figure out 理解,明白,想出
high-flyer 极有成就的人
acceptance of 接受;认可
get/obtain/take out/arrange a mortgage mortgage on抵押;抵押借款;按揭
get/win/gain promotion promotion to 提升;晋升
brace oneself for sth. Brace oneself to do sth (使)做好准备
brace oneself/sth. Against sth. (身体或身体部位)支住,撑牢
meet with/face/encounter resistance (对新计划、新观念等的)抵制,反对
resistance to (尤指对疾病或药物的)抵抗力
go surfing 冲浪
on deck 甲板
Brim with 充溢;充满
clamp to/around/on 夹住,固定
take/hold sb. captive 被俘虏的;被监禁的
补:
peer group pressure同辈之间的压力=peer contest 同辈之间的竞争
at/in the back of one’s mind 在脑海深处;在内心深处
land a job 找到一份工作
U3
for the sake of sth. =for sth. the sake 为了……的目的
for sb’s sake 利益;好处
so to speak 可以说;可谓
plane 层次;水准;水平;程度
bathe in the sound =by the mere sound appeal 沉浸在音乐中
expressive of 表现……的;表达…..的
qualify as/for 有资格
qualify as/in 取得资格
apropos of 与……相关;就……而言
good tempered/foul tempered/quiet tempered 脾气好的/脾气不好的/性情安静的
conscious of 意识到的;注意到的
derive from 源自
split up 分解,把……分成,划分;离婚,分
手,断绝关系
shy away from (因紧张、害怕或不自信而)回避,退
缩
heaven knows 一定;确实;无疑(用以加强语气)
to sb’s satisfaction 使……感到满意
pin down 确定,确切地理解,明确地说明;强迫
……做出决定,使…….明确表态
give off 发出
aside from 除……之外
B,C and D constitute A/A consists of B,C and D A由B,C,D三部分组成
U4
teem with sb/sth 充满;挤满
a riot of sth 某物五彩缤纷;某物五光十色
tinge with 着淡色于……;使带有一点(某种颜
色、情绪、特质)
round up 聚拢(人或物)
dig up 挖掘;挖(洞)
keep sb company 陪伴某人
live with 容忍;忍受
《2》单元课后翻译
U1
现在中国大学生参加志愿活动已经成为常态。他们到社区为老年人服
务,到山区助学,举办爱心捐赠活动,或到世博会(World Expo)或
奥运会等重要国际活动担任志愿者。参加志愿活动有助于学生获取专
业技能,丰富社会经验,提高道德水平。多数大学生都认为参与志愿
服务是自己应尽的社会责任和义务,希望能做一些有意义的事情来回
报社会,积极推动社会和谐发展。
Volunteering has now become the norm for college students in
China.The volunteers may provide community services for senior
citizens, support students in mountain areas in education,
organize fundraising activities to help those in need, or
work for major international projects such as the Word Expo
and the Olympic Games.Doing volunteer work is a useful way
for students to enhance their professional skills and social
Experience as well as promoting their moral development.The
majority of college students believe that it is their duty
and obligation to participate in volunteer activities.They
hope that they can do something meaningful and promote the
development of social harmony.
U2
“不以物喜,不以己悲”出自北宋文学家范仲淹的名著《岳阳楼记》,意思是凡事都要以一颗平常心看待,不因外部事物的好坏和自己的得失而或喜或悲。它是一种思想境界,体现了中国的传统道家思想,教导人们追求一种淡然(detached)平静的心态。在物质文明高度发达的今天,保持这样的心态仍显得十分重要。当你拥有了这种心境,生活就会多一些阳光,多一些快乐。
Be not pleased by external gains, nor saddened by personal losses is a statement from the essay “Remarks of Yueyang Tower”by Fan Zhongyan, a writer of the Northern Song Dynasty.The statement means one should look at and accept things as they are, and remain unbothered by external matters or personal gains or losses. It is a mental outlook that reflects the traditional Taoist ideas of China, instructing people to become calm and detached. Even today, when we have a highly developed material civilization, keeping such a state of mind is still important. When you possess such a state of mind, you will be able to live a brighter and more joyous life.
U4
20世纪中后期,随着科学技术的迅速发展,以网络技术为代表的高科技相继问世。但与此同时,以网络犯罪为代表的各种高科技犯罪也开始出现,对社会的健康发展带来潜在的威胁。如何预防和减少高科技犯罪已成为受到普遍关注的问题。中国也面临着同样的问题。为避免或减少由此带来的损失,在日常生活中,我们应该提高警惕,避免上当受骗。
In the middle and late 20th century, the rapid development of science and technology witnessed the birth of high technology, represented by the Internet. But at the same time various high-tech crimes, as represented by cybercrime, also arose, constituting a potential threat to the healthy development of society. How to prevent and reduce high-tech crimes has become a common concern. China is facing a similar situation. To avoid or reduce losses caused by high-tech crimes, we should keep alert in our daily lives, so as not to be deceived.
U6
2008年8月,中国第一条高铁“京津城际铁路”正式通车运营,宣告中国进入高铁时代。近年来,中国高铁不仅在关键技术领域取得一系列重大的创新和突破,还建立了具有自主知识产权、世界一流的高水平技术体系。凭借先进的技术、高性价比和成功的运营经验,中国正在向世界各国大量出口高铁技术及相关产品。中国的高铁技术正在走向世界,对推动“一带一路”战略起到积极作用。
In August 2008,China’s first high-speed railway, the Beijing-Tianjin Intercity Railway, was opened, ushering China into an era of high-speed railway. In recent years, in addition to achieving a series of major innovations and breakthroughs in key technologies, China has also developed a world-class high-speed railway technology system with independent intellectual property. With its advanced technology, cost-effectiveness and successful operating experiences in high-speed railway, China is witnessing an increasing export of its high-speed railway technologies and related products to many countries around the world. China’s high-speed railway technology is finding its way in the world and is playing a positive role in promoting “the Belt and Road Initiative”.
U7
“和”的观念在中国文化中占有重要位置。儒家思想主张“和为贵”,认为人们可以通过完善道德修养把事情处理的恰到好处,营造和谐的社会关系。不仅儒家,佛、道、墨诸家,也大多主张人与人之间、族群与族群之间的“和”。中国人为人处事向来以和为贵,他们知道和睦的人际关系与和谐的社会环境对于人的生存与发展至关重要。在构建和谐社会的今天,“和”的思想显得更为重要。
“Harmony”is one of the most cherished values in Chinese culture. Confucianism advocates the idea that“Harmony is most precious”, believing that with their ethical attainments people can handle affairs properly and create harmonious social relationships. Buddhism, Taoism and Mohism, as well as Confucianism, all advocate a harmonious relationship between people and between ethnic groups. Chinese people have always given priority to a harmonious relation in dealing with people in everyday life, as they know that a harmonious human relationship and society is of vital importance to human survival and development. Today when we’re constructing a harmonious society,the idea of harmony has become even more important.
《3》单元课后翻译
U1
中国有一句话,叫“人贵有自知之明”。这个观念的最早提出者是老子。老子在《道德经》里说“知人者智,自知者明”。有“自知之明”是指人应该对自己有正确的认识,了解自身的优点和缺点,清醒地知道自己能做什么。我们把人的自知视为“贵”,可见做到“自知”是多么的不易。“自知之明”是一种人生哲学,也是一种品德。它可以帮助我们不断地修正自己,朝着更高的人生目标迈进。
As the Chinese saying goes, it is important to know oneself.The first person to put forward this notion was Laozi, who wrote in his book Dao De Jing:“A person who knows others is intelligent, but a person who knows himself is insightful”.To know oneself is to have a correct understanding of oneself, including one’s strengths and limitations, and to be clear-minded about what one can do. We cherish this virtue so much precisely because it is really hard for people to know themselves. Knowing oneself is both part of a philosophy of life and a virtue that can facilitate self-improvement and attainment of a higher life goal.
U3
在敦煌莫高窟,最著名的艺术杰作要数壁画“飞天”。敦煌飞天是印度文化和中国文化共同孕育而成的。在印度,被称为“飞天”的空中飞行的天神多出现在佛教石窟壁画中,中国道教传统则把在空中飞行的天神称为“飞仙”。魏晋南北朝时,佛教初传入中国,壁画中的飞仙开始被称为“飞天”。后来,随着佛教在中国的深入发展,佛教的飞天和道教的飞仙在艺术形象上相互融合。敦煌莫高窟的飞天是中国古代艺术家的杰作,是世界艺术史的奇迹。
In the Mogao caves in Dunhuang, the murals with“flying apsaras” are one of the most well-known artefacts. The flying apsaras in the Dunhuang Grotto Murals are a product of the intermixing of Indian and Chinese culture. In India, flying celestial beings called “flying apsaras” appear mostly in murals in Buddhist caves, while in the Chinese Daoist tradition, flying celestial beings are known as“flying immortals”.During the Wei, Jin and Northern and Southern dynasties, when the introduction of Buddhism in China was at an early stage, people began to use the term“flying apsaras” to refer to the flying immortals in the murals. Later, with the development of Buddhism in China, the artistic images of Buddhist flying apsaras and Daoist flying immortals merged with each other. The flying apsaras in the Dunhuang Grotto Murals are a most ingenious creation of ancient Chinese artists, and a marvel in the history of world art.
U4
目前,中国老年人口居世界第一,已经进入老龄化社会。而中国现在正处于社会转型期,建立一个完整的社会福利体系仍需很长的一段时间,因此中国的养老问题较为特殊。预计在今后半个世纪,家庭养老仍然是中国主流的养老模式。孝敬父母一直是中国传统伦理道德的重要组成部分。在当今这样一个老龄化的社会中,弘扬孝道就显得更加重要,因为在鼓励人们对家里的老人提供日常照顾和情感慰藉方面,孝道仍将起关键性的作用。
In today’s ageing society, it will be all the more important to promote the virtue of filial piety, as it will continue to play a crucial role in encouraging people to take good care of their elderly family members by providing daily care and emotional support. China, with the largest population of elderly people in the world, has become an ageing society. Meanwhile, China is also a country undergoing social transition, It will be a long time before a sound social welfare system can be established, which means that China is in a unique situation when it comes to care of its ageing population. It is predicted that in the next 50 years, family care for the aged will still be the dominant practice in China. Filial piety has always been a significant part of traditional Chinese ethics.